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William Whipple Warren (May 27, 1825 – June 1, 1853)〔 〕 was an historian, interpreter, and legislator in the Minnesota Territory.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Legislators Past & Present )〕 Of Ojibwe and European-American descent, he lived in two cultures. Because his father was white, he was not considered Ojibwe in their patrilineal culture, but an Ojibwe "relative." He is the first historian of the Ojibwe people in the European tradition.〔 In the fall of 1845, Warren moved at the age of 20 from Wisconsin to Crow Wing in present-day Minnesota. He worked as an interpreter for the fur trader Henry Mower Rice.〔Lehman and Krotzman (2003) (Manuscript Project: Transcription and Works Cited for Research of Letters 14 and 15, ''Charles Francis Xavier Goldsmith’s Collected Papers'' ), University of Wisconsin〕 Bilingual and educated in the United States style, Warren started collecting stories from the oral tradition of the Ojibwe to tell their history. He drew from oral history to tell about the people prior to their encounter with Europeans, and combined it with documentation in the European style. After suffering from tuberculosis for many years, he died as a young man of 28 from a hemorrhage on June 1, 1853 and was buried in Saint Paul, Minnesota.〔 His history was published posthumously in 1885 by the Minnesota Historical Society.〔 A revised, annotated edition was published in 2009.〔 ==Early life and family== William Whipple Warren was born at La Pointe, Michigan Territory (present-day Wisconsin), on Madeline Island.〔 He was the son of Lyman Marcus Warren, an American fur trader and a descendant of Richard Warren in New England,〔J. Williams Fletcher, "Memoir of William W. Warren," in William W. Warren, ''History of the Ojibway People'', Minnesota Historical Society, 1885〕 and Mary Cadotte, an Ojibwe. She was the daughter of ''Ikwesewe'', of the high-status White Crane clan of the Anishinaabe, and her husband Michel Cadotte, a major fur trader of Ojibwe-French descent. As the Ojibwe had a patrilineal system, children were considered to belong to their father's clan and lines of descent.〔("Ojibwe Culture" ), Milwaukee Public Museum, accessed 10 December 2011〕 Those born to a non-Ojibwe father had no clan or formal place within the tribe, unless specifically adopted by a man of the tribe. They and their mothers could usually find protection within the tribe. Such multiracial children of the period also faced discrimination by European-American society, which generally considered them more "Indian" than white, regardless of ancestry. Lyman and Mary had a second son Truman (named after his brother)〔 and daughters Julia and Mary.〔 (The senior Truman Warren married a sister of Mary Cadotte, so the families were doubly linked. Truman Warren and his wife had twin sons Edward and George Warren, a few years younger than William.)〔 After attending Protestant mission schools at La Pointe and on Mackinac Island, in 1836 young Warren traveled back East with his paternal grandfather Lyman Warren to Clarkson, New York to live. There he attended Clarkson Academy. He next attended the Oneida Institute near Whitesboro, New York, a Presbyterian college founded for the education of Native Americans, which combined liberal and what was called industrial or crafts education. The director was Beriah Green, an abolitionist.〔(MILTON C. SERNETT, "Common Cause: The Antislavery Alliance of Gerrit Smith and Beriah Green" ), ''Library Associates Courier'', Syracuse University, Volume XXI. Number 2 (Fall 1986), accessed 22 Feb 2010〕 In 1840 at the age of 15, Warren returned to his family in La Pointe. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Whipple Warren」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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